FSM was developed by Dr. Carolyn McMakin in 1995 using frequencies passed on from an osteopath in Canada who had a practice that came with a machine made in the 1920's. Dr. McMakin developed protocols for the treatment of myofascial pain in 1996 and presented her clinical data at the American Back Society national meeting in December 1997. In 1998, she published a paper on the "Treatment of chronic resistant myofascial pain in the head neck and face" in Topics in Clinical Chiropractic. Dr. McMakin began teaching FSM in 1997 to see if the effects of FSM were reproducible. By June of 1997 it was clear that the effects were reproducible and the seminars have evolved into a three day intensive class in the use of frequency protocols, the differential diagnosis of pain generators and neurologic conditions.

The frequencies were developed in the early 1900's and were used with funky looking electronic equipment that fell out of use in the 1940's. Microcurrent was introduced as a battery operated physical therapy modality in the 1980's in Europe and the US. Microcurrent devices deliver frequencies and current in millionths of an amp and have been shown in published studies to increase energy (ATP) production in cells by 500%.

Since 1997, hundreds of practitioners around the world have taken the FSM seminar and use this amazing new technique to help patients recover from myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, sports injuries, concussion and many other health concerns. The FSM seminar teaches frequency protocols, differential diagnosis of pain complaints and hands on use of the microcurrent equipment. Our students evaluate the seminars consistently with 5/5 value approval ratings.

Protocols for treating neuropathic pain were developed by Dr. McMakin in 1998. She then developed a protocol for treating the full body pain from fibromyalgia caused by neck injuries in 1999. The paper is published in the Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies in Jul of 2005. It documents unheard of changes in inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides with the use of a specific frequency protocol and microcurrent application.

Carolyn McMakin, MA, DC is the clinical director of the Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Clinic of Portland, Oregon and developed Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) in 1996. She maintains a part time clinical practice, participates in research and teaches seminars on the use of FSM in the United States, Ireland and Europe. She has lectured at the National Institutes of Health and at numerous conferences in the US, England, Canada and Australia on the subjects of fibromyalgia, fibromyalgia associated with cervical trauma and on the differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain syndromes. Her text book on FSM in pain management is in press with Elsevier to be released in 2010.

Vanessa Cayle, MSPT opened the CranioSacral Institute of MI in early 2004 after finding CST for her own health concerns. She graduated from Grand Valley State University in 1992 with a BS in Health Science and in 1994 with a MSPT. She has been practicing PT in many areas since then. She started her career in Neurological Rehab at Rehab Institute of MI, moved to Acute care, Orthopedics, and Pediatrics at Sparrow Hospital, then on to School based therapy. Vanessa has taken Upledger classes in CST 1, 2, SER1, 2, Advanced CST and LDT. She is a certified presenter through Upledger Institute. She teaches one and 2 day classes in CST, lectures and presents on CST. She has also had training in Reconnection Healing. She has taken classes in Frequency Specific Microcurrent for: Core Training, Fibromyalgia, Advanced FSM, and the FSM Neurotransmitter Workshop. She is a certified FSM practitioner and sits on the National Advisory Committee for FSM.

Shannon Goossen is a practicing Acupuncturist Physician, Massage Therapist and Certified Manual Trigger Point Therapist. She graduated from the Classical Acupuncture Institute in 2001 and is on the Boards of the American Academy of Pain Management Fellow, Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy National Certification Board, and the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Diplomate. Shannon has been using Frequency Specific Microcurrent in her practice since 2001.