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The Use of Micro Current and Autocatalytic Silver Plated Nylon Dressings in Human Burn Patients: A Feasibility Study R. Huckfeldt, M.D., D. Mikkelson, R.N., K. Larson, M.D. L. Hammond, O.T., B. Flick, M.D., C. McMakin, D.C. February 21, 2003 Proceedings of John Bowswick Burn and Wound Symposium in Maui, HI Background: The use of autocatalytic […]

The Effects of Electric Currents on ATP Generation, Protein Synthesis, and Membrane Transport in Rat Skin NGOK CHENG, M.D., HARRY VAN HOOF, M.D., EMMANUEL BOCKX, M.D., MICHEL J. HOOGMARTENS, M.D.,* JOSEPH C. MULIER, M.D.,* WILLIAM DE LOECKER, M.D. FRANS J.DE DIJCKER, PH.D.,** WILLY M. SANSEN, PH.D.,** AND WILLIAM DE LOECKER, M.D. Some of the most […]

Cytokine Changes with Microcurrent Treatment of Fibromyalgia   Carolyn. R. McMakina,
, Walter. M. Gregoryb , Terry M. Phillipsc a Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Clinic of Portland, 17214 SE Division Street, Portland, OR 97230, USA b BNLI, University College London, 12042 13th Court, Portland, OR 97219, USA c UAIR, DBEPS, ORS, OD, Resource Chief, National Institutes […]

Frequency-Specific Microcurrent for Treatment of Longstanding Congenital Muscular Torticollis Regina Thompson, PT, PCS; Sandra L. Kaplan, PT, DPT, PhD Therapy Services (Ms Thompson), Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences (Dr Kaplan), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey. Purpose: This case describes the […]

Frequency Specific Microcurrent Resolves Chronic Pain and Adhesions After Ulnar Transposition Surgery Jodie Adams1* and Carolyn McMakin2 1 New Heights Physical Therapy, 5736 NE Glisan St, Portland Oregon, 97213, Portland 2 Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain clinic of Portland, Portland Summary Frequency specifi c microcurrent (FSM) has been used to treat myofascial pain syndrome [1,2] fi […]

Impedance-Controlled Microcurrent Therapy for Managing Radiation-Induced Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients ARLENE J. LENNOX, PH.D.,*† JEFFREY P. SHAFER, M.D.,† MADELINE HATCHER, R.N.,† JANICE BEIL, R.N.,† AND SANDRA J. FUNDER, R.N Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL; † Provena Midwest Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab, Batavia, IL; ‡ S. J. Funder & Associates, Crown […]

Significant Enhancement of ATP Synthesis in Cardiomyocytes By Electric Microcurrent Karin Macfelda1 , Alexander Holly1 , Johannes Mueller2 ; 1 Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2 Berlin Heals, Berlin, Germany Objective: The cardiomyocytes of failing hearts show a significant reduced ability to synthesize ATP. On the one hand, the ATP synthesis depends on the […]

A Pulsed DC Electric Field Affects P2-Purinergic Receptor Functions by Altering the ATP Levels in Vitro and in Vivo Systems J. C. Seegers,1 M.-L. Lottering,1 A. M. Joubert,1 F. Joubert,2 A. Koorts,1C. A. Engelbrecht,3 D. H. van Papendorp1 Departments of 1 Physiology and 2 Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; 3 Department of Physics, […]

CASE REVIEW: MICROCURRENT TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN Microcurrent therapy: a novel treatment method for chronic low back myofascial pain Carolyn R. McMakin, M.A., D.C. Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Clinic of Portland, 17214 SE Division Street, Portland, OR 97230, USA Received 3 November 2003; received in revised form 7 December 2003; accepted 14 December 2003 […]

Visceral and Somatic Disorders: Tissue Softening with Frequency-Specific Microcurrent Carolyn R. McMakin, MA, DC,1 and James L. Oschman, PhD2 Abstract Frequency-specific microcurrent (FSM) is an emerging technique for treating many health conditions. Pairs of frequencies of microampere-level electrical stimulation are applied to particular places on the skin of a patient via combinations of conductive graphite […]

Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Using Frequency Specific Microcurrent By CAROLYN MCMAKIN, MA, DC Frequency-specific microcurrent (FSM) has been used for 10 years by numerous practitioners in various specialties (MDs, DCs, NDs, PTs) to treat myofascial pain and neuropathic pain in clinical practice (1-3). This retrospective analysis of patients treated for neuropathic pain in the […]

The efficacy of frequency specific microcurrent therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness Denise Curtis, MSc, NMT a, *, Stephen Fallows, PhD a , Michael Morris, MSc a , Carolyn McMakin, MA DC b Summary This study compared the effects of frequency specific microcurrent (FSM) therapy versus sham therapy in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in […]